Emirbayer-Mische1998
Aus Leowiki
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„What, then, is human agency? We define it as the temporally constructed engagement by actors of different structural environments – the temporal-relational contexts of action – which, through the interplay of habit, imagination, and judgement, both reproduces and transforms those structures in interactive response to the problems posed by changing historical situations.” (p. 970; italics in original.)
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| Iteration (habit, past) | „It refers to the selective reactivation by actors of past patterns of thought and action, as routinely incorporated in practical activity, thereby giving stability and order to social universes and helping to sustain identities, interactions, and institutions over time.“ | Dominant tones:
- selective attention - recognition of types - categorical location Secondary tones: - expectation maintenance (future) - maneuver among repertoires (present) | - cultural competences (Swidler 1986)
- reproduction through creativity (Willis 1977) - life course development - typification within organizations (Powell and DiMaggio 1991) |
| Projectivity (imagination, future) | „Projectivity encompasses the imaginative generation by actors of possible future trajectories of action, in which received structures of thought and action may be creatively reconfigured in relation to actors’ hopes, fears, and desires for the future.“ | Dominant tones:
- narrative construction - symbolic recomposition - hypothetical resolution Secondary tones: - anticipatory identification (past) - experimentation (present) | - time perspectives (Lewin 1948)
- prophetic movements (Walzer 1980) - framing processes (Tarrow 1992) - institutional innovation (DiMaggio 1991) |
| Practical Evaluation (judgment, present) | “It entails the capacity of actors to make practical and normative judgements among alternative possible trajectories of action, in response to the emerging demands, dilemmas, and ambiguities of presently evolving situations.” | Dominant tones:
- problematization - decision - execution Secondary tones: - characterization (past) - deliberation (future) | - temporal improvisation (Bourdieu 1977)
- resistance, subversion, and contention (Tilly 1994) - local or prudential action (Padgett and Ansell 1993) - political decision making - deliberation in publics |
