Anderson - Free

Aus Leowiki

Interessant auch am Ende des Buches die Übersicht mit 50 Beispielen für Free.

Exzerpt:

• "Free is full of apparent contradicitons: You can make money giving things away. There really 'is' a free lunch. Sometimes you get more than you pay for." (p. 4)
• "All the World's a Cross-subsidy" (p. 21, Herv. i. Orig.)
• "Free-to-air radio plus nominal royalties for artists created the disk jockey era and, in turn, the Top 40 phenomenon. Today these roaylties are calculated based on a formular involving time, reach, and type of station, but are low enough for radio stations to prosper. The irony was complete. Rather than undermining the music business, as ASCAP had feared, Free helped the music industry grow huge and profitable. A free inferior version of the music (lower quality, unpredictable availability) turned out to be great marketing for a paid superior version, and the artists' revenues shifted from performance to record royalties. Now Free offers the opportunity to switch back again, as free music serves as marketing for the growing concert business." (p 4%)
• "Humans are wired to understand scarcity better than abundance." (p. 50)
• "So from the consumer's perspective, there is a huge difference between cheap and free. Give a product away and it can go viral. Charge a single cent for it and you're in an entirely different business, one of clawing and scratching for every customer. The truth is that zero is one market and any other price is another." (p. 62)
• The example of Lindt truffles v. Hershey's Kisses (p. 63)
• "the imposition of a price, no matter how low, typically decreases participation, often radically." (p. 67)
• "The time it takes to avoid paying means "you're working for less than minimum wage,", (Steve Jobs) noted."
• "pirates haven't taken something you own, they have reproduced something you own. this is an important distinction, which boils down to the reality that you don't suffer a loss but rather a lesser gain." (p. 71)
• "too cheap to meter" changes the world: "computer processing power, digital storage, and bandwith." (p. 77)
• "Ideas are the ultimate abundance commidity" (p. 83)
• Steven Levy's hacker ethic, rule 3: "All information should be free." (p. 94); Stewart Brand on the issue: "On the one hand information wants to be expensive, because it's so valuable. The right information in the right place just changes your life. On the other hand, information wants to be free, because the cost of getting it out is getting lower and lower all the time. So you have these two fighting against each other." (p. 96); reformulated by Anderson: "Commodity information (everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information (you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive. But even that's not quite right. After all, what is a Google search if not a unique and customized sort of the Web, tailored just for you to be a meaningful response to your query? So let's try again: Abundant infomation wants to be free. Scarce information wants to be expensive." (p. 97)
• "Marriage is a paradox: I can't live with her, and I can't live without her. Both statements are true. And the dynamic between those two statements is what keeps marriage interesting, among other things. Paradoxes are the opposite of contradictions. Contradictions shut themselves down, but paradoxes keep themselves going." (p. 99)
• Pub example: "It provides a place for community and conversation, but it doesn't charge for that. It just charges for the beer that lubricates it." (p. 100)
• "It's because they can do so cheaply at such massive scale (Craigslist users create more than 30 million classified listings each month, tens of thousands of times as much as the largest newspapers) that they're so successful. And yet Craigslist makes very little money, just a tiny fraction of what erased from the newspaper coffers. Where does the wealth go? To follow the money, you have to shift from a basic view of a market as a matching of two parties - byers and seller - to a broader sense of an ecosystem with many parties, only some of whom exchange cash directly. Given the size of Craigslist today (50 million users every month), it's easy to see how more money can change hands there than did in any newspaper classifieds section, leading to better supply/demand matching and economic outcomes for the participants, eventhough less money remains in the marketplace itself. The value in the classfieds market was simply transferred from the few to the many. Venture capitalists have a term for this use fo Free to shrink one industry while potentially opening up others: "creating a zero billion dollar business." Fred Wilson, a partner at Union Square Ventures, explains it like this: "It describes a business that enters a market, like classifieds or news, and by virtue of the amazing efficiency of its operation can rely on a fraction of the revnue that the market leaders need to operate profitable." (p. 129)
• Encarta case: "While Microsoft made $100 million it shrunk the market by over $600 million. For every dollar of revenue Microsoft made, it took away six dollars of revenue from their competitors. Every dollar of Microsoft's gain caused an asymmetrical amount of pain in the marketplace. They made money by shrinking the market." (p. 130)
• "And now Wikipedia, which costs nothing, has shrunk the market again, decimating both the printed and the CD-ROM encyclopedia markets. (In 2009, Microsoft killed Encarta altogether.) Wikipedia makes no money at all, but because an incomparable information resource is now available to all at no cost, our own ability to make money armed with more knowledge is improved. (...) Wikipedia, being free and easy to access, huge, and otherwise more useful to more people, is increasing the productivity of many more workers than Britannica did. But it isn't making a penny directly; instead,it's taking many pennies away from Britannica. In other words, it's shrinking the value we can measure (direct revenues), even as it's hugely increasing value we can't (our collective knowledge." (p. 130)
• "Free is disruptive, to be sure, but it tends to leave more efficient markets in its wake." (p. 131)
• "But when it's Google placing the ad on somebody else's content, the connection between the two is so arm's-length that people seem not to worry about undue influence." (p. 138)
• "But what's clear is that the nature of the advertisement is different online. The old broadcast model was, in essence, this: Annoy the 90 percent of your audience that's not interested in your product to reach the 10 percent who might be (think denture ads during football games). The Google model is just the opposite: Use software to show the ad only to people for whom it's most relevant. Annoy just the 10 percent of the audience who isn't interested to reach the 90 percent who might be." (p. 139)
• "The supply of content has grown by factors of million, but demand has not." (p. 140)
• "We think of "media" as being radio, television, magazines, newspapers and journalistic Web sites. But media is really just content of any sort." (p. 145)
• "most of the value of Facebook is in the fact that it has created perhaps the world's largest closed market of reputational currency" (p. 163)
• "The Free-Rider Non-Problem" (p. 178)
• "What Simon was observing was a manifestation of one of the oldest rules in economics: "Every abundance creates a new scarcity."" (p. 180)
• "Instead, two nonmonetary factors rise in its place. These two are what are often called the "attention economy" and the "reputation economy"." (p. 181)
• "PageRank is the gold standard of reputation. That makes Google cofounder Larry Page (the punning Page in PageRank) the central banker of the Google economy. (...) It's not a closed economy, since it's just part of the bigger web economy. (...) Facebook and MySpace have "friends." EBay has seller and buyer ratings. Twitter has "followers," Slashdot had "karma", and so on." (p. 184)
• "So piracy is like the force of gravity. If you're holding something off the ground, sooner or later gravity is going to win and it will fall. For digital products it's the same thing - copyright protection schemes, coded into either law or software, are simply holding up a price against the force of gravity. Sooner or later, it will fall, either because the owner drops it or because the pirates knock it to the ground." (p. 228-229)
• "It's true: Free does tend to level the playing field between professionals and amateurs. (...) Instead, the professional journalists who are seeing their jobs evaporate are typically those whose employers failed to find a new role in a world of abundant information. (...) But out of the bloodbath will come a new role for professional journalists. There may be more of them, not fewer, as the ability to participate in journalism extends beyond the credentialed halls of traditional media." (p. 235)

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